继上一篇在 Java 中缩放拖动图片后,在python matplotlib中也来实现一个自由缩放拖动的例子:

python matplotlib 中缩放,较为简单,只需要通过设置要显示的 x y坐标的显示范围即可。基于此,实现一个鼠标监听回调,在回调中计算滚轮缩放或者鼠标拖动之后的坐标范围,即可。

效果:


上代码:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl

from matplotlib.text import Text, Annotation
from matplotlib.patches import Polygon, Rectangle, Circle, Arrow, ConnectionPatch,Ellipse,FancyBboxPatch
from matplotlib.widgets import Button, Slider, Widget

# https://www.python100.com/html/85915.html
# patches 是matplotlib里面的一个库,里面有基本图形绘制, Polygon:多边形  Rectangle:矩形  Circle:圆  Arrow:箭头 ConnecctionPatch:链接线  Ellipse:椭圆

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
 
rect = Rectangle((0.1,0.1),1,1,color='yellow')
ax.add_patch(rect)

rect2 = Circle((1.5,1.5),0.2,color='red')
ax.add_patch(rect2)

arrow = ConnectionPatch((1,3),(1.8,1.8), "data", "data", clip_on=True,
                    arrowstyle="-|>", shrinkA=5, shrinkB=5, mutation_scale=20, fc="w")
arrow.set_annotation_clip(False)
ax.add_patch(arrow)

fancybox = FancyBboxPatch((2,2),width=1,height=1, boxstyle=mpl.patches.BoxStyle("Round", pad=0.2),color='green')
ax.add_patch(fancybox)

ax.text(2, 0.2, 'Hello World')

startx=0
starty=0
mPress=False
def call_move(event):
    # print(event.name)
    global mPress
    global startx
    global starty
    # print(mPress)
    if event.name=='button_press_event':
        axtemp=event.inaxes
        if axtemp and event.button==1:
            print(event)
            mPress=True
            startx=event.xdata
            starty=event.ydata
    elif event.name=='button_release_event':
        axtemp=event.inaxes
        if axtemp and event.button==1:
            mPress=False
    elif event.name=='motion_notify_event':
        axtemp=event.inaxes
        if axtemp and event.button==1 and mPress:
            x_min, x_max = axtemp.get_xlim()
            y_min, y_max = axtemp.get_ylim()
            w=x_max-x_min
            h=y_max-y_min
            # print(event)
            # 移动
            mx=event.xdata-startx
            my=event.ydata-starty
            # 注意这里, -mx,  因为下一次 motion事件的坐标,已经是在本次做了移动之后的坐标系了,所以要体现出来
            # startx=event.xdata-mx  startx=event.xdata-(event.xdata-startx)=startx, 没必要再赋值了
            # starty=event.ydata-my
            # print(mx,my,x_min,y_min,w,h)
            axtemp.set(xlim=(x_min-mx, x_min-mx+w))
            axtemp.set(ylim=(y_min-my, y_min-my+h))
            fig.canvas.draw_idle()  # 绘图动作实时反映在图像上
    return


def call_scroll(event):
    print(event.name)
    axtemp=event.inaxes
    print('event:',event)
    print(event.xdata,event.ydata)
    # 计算放大缩小后, xlim 和ylim
    if axtemp:
        x_min, x_max = axtemp.get_xlim()
        y_min, y_max = axtemp.get_ylim()
        w = x_max - x_min
        h = y_max - y_min
        curx=event.xdata
        cury=event.ydata
        curXposition=(curx - x_min) / w
        curYposition=(cury - y_min) / h
        if event.button == 'down':
            print('befor:',w,h)
            w = w*1.1
            h = h*1.1
            print('down',w,h)
        elif event.button == 'up':
            print('befor:',w,h)
            w = w/1.1
            h = h/1.1
            print('up',w,h)
        print(curXposition,curYposition)
        newx=curx - w*curXposition
        newy=cury - h*curYposition
        axtemp.set(xlim=(newx, newx+w))
        axtemp.set(ylim=(newy, newy+h))
        fig.canvas.draw_idle()  # 绘图动作实时反映在图像上
fig.canvas.mpl_connect('scroll_event', call_scroll)
fig.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', call_move)
fig.canvas.mpl_connect('button_release_event', call_move)
# fig.canvas.mpl_connect('draw_event', call_move)
fig.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', call_move)

# 我们可以最后来设置 x y 轴的初始大小范围
ax.set_xlim(0,10)
ax.set_ylim(0,10)

plt.show()


注意:上面demo监听的是 鼠标左键拖动, event.button==1  这个会导致和原版的工具栏 放大镜 工具冲突,所以也可以 把 event.button == 3 用鼠标右键来判断   (1 是左键,2是中间滚轮按下去键,3是右键。)

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